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大暑是二十四節(jié)氣的第十二個(gè)節(jié)氣,今年始于7月22日。俗話說(shuō),“熱在三伏”,大暑正處在三伏里的中伏階段,中國(guó)大部分地區(qū)在這個(gè)階段內(nèi)都會(huì)迎來(lái)一年中氣溫最高的時(shí)期。
著名的三大火爐:南京、武漢、重慶在大暑前后爐火最旺,但比“三大火爐”更熱的地方還有很多,如安慶、九江等。但是最熱的“火爐”要屬新疆的“火焰山”——吐魯番。大暑前后,吐魯番下午的氣溫常在40℃以上。
“禾到大暑日夜黃”,對(duì)中國(guó)種植雙季稻的地區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō),結(jié)合天氣的變化適時(shí)進(jìn)行早稻收獲、晚稻插秧是十分重要的。晴天多割,陰天多栽,在7月底前栽完雙晚,最遲不遲過(guò)立秋,才能盡可能減少后期風(fēng)雨造成的損失,確保豐產(chǎn)豐收。
大暑送“大暑船”活動(dòng)在浙江臺(tái)州沿海已有幾百年的歷史。大暑船完全按照舊時(shí)三桅帆船的比例建造,船內(nèi)載有各種祭品,在大暑當(dāng)日由多名漁民輪流抬著在大街上游行,進(jìn)行一系列折福儀式。大暑船最終會(huì)被運(yùn)送至碼頭,被漁船拉出漁港,在大海上點(diǎn)燃,再任其沉浮,以祝福人們五谷豐登,生活安康。
大暑是鄉(xiāng)村田野蟋蟀最多的季節(jié)。自打一千余年前的唐朝(618年 - 907年)起,中國(guó)老百姓就有了在燃燃夏日中茶余飯后斗蟋蟀為樂(lè)的習(xí)俗。
飲伏茶,顧名思義,就是三伏天喝的茶。古時(shí)候,村里人在村口的涼亭里放些茶水,免費(fèi)給來(lái)往路人喝,供應(yīng)時(shí)間一般從農(nóng)歷六月初到八月末。這種由金銀花、夏枯草、甘草等十多味中草藥煮成的茶水,有清涼祛暑的作用。
大暑期間,臺(tái)灣省有吃鳳梨的習(xí)俗。這個(gè)時(shí)節(jié)的鳳梨最香甜,加上鳳梨的閩南語(yǔ)發(fā)音和“旺來(lái)”相似,所以也被用來(lái)作為祈求平安吉祥、生意興隆的象征。在大暑當(dāng)日,福建莆田人家則有吃荔枝、羊肉和米糟的習(xí)俗。
廣東很多地方在大暑時(shí)節(jié)有“吃仙草”的習(xí)俗。仙草又名涼粉草、仙人草,是重要的藥食兩用植物資源,由于其消暑功效,被譽(yù)為“仙草”。莖葉曬干后可以做成燒仙草,廣東一帶叫涼粉,是一種消暑的甜品。
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Major heat, the 12th solar term of the year, begins on July 22 this year and ends on Aug 6.
Nanjing, Wuhan and Chongqing, cities often regarded as the "three furnaces" of China, reach their hottest during major heat. The hottest place in China is Turpan of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, often surpassing 40℃ in the afternoons during major heat.
The sunshine, high temperatures and heavy rainfall are good for crops. However, many natural calamities such as floods, droughts and typhoons also occur during major heat. It is crucial to harvest and plant in time to avoid setbacks caused by natural disasters.
Sending the major heat ship is a folk tradition spanning centuries in Taizhou, Zhejiang province. The ship, filled with sacrificial offerings, is carried and marched to the harbor by fishermen while receiving prayers and blessings from onlookers. When it reaches the sea, the ship is burned, along with prayers of good harvests and health of villagers.
Major heat is the reproduction season for crickets, and cricket fights are a popular seasonal pasttime activity for many Chinese. The custom dates back more than 1,000 years to the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907).
In ancient China, villagers offered tea in pavilions to passerby free of charge during major heat to help them cool down. This centuries-old custom is still preserved to this day in some parts of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province.
Pineapples, which are in season during major heat, are often consumed in Taiwan, not just for its sweet and juicy taste, but also because the term for "pineapple" in local dialect sounds very similar to "incoming prosperity".
Grass jelly, or xiancaodong, is an herbal dessert that's popular in South China.  As a popular saying in Guangdong province goes, "eat herb jelly in major heat, stay young like the immortals," the ingredients used in the dish is known for their ability to quell the summer heat. 
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