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小雪是二十四節(jié)氣的第二十個(gè)節(jié)氣。小雪時(shí)節(jié)過后,西北風(fēng)開始成為常客,氣溫逐漸下降到0℃以下。此時(shí)大地尚未過于寒冷,雖開始降雪,但雪量不大,故稱小雪。今年的小雪始于11月22日。
很多農(nóng)民會(huì)在小雪后為小麥澆凍水做好越冬工作,也有“小雪雪滿天,來年必豐年”的說法。這里有三層意思。一是小雪落雪,來年雨水均勻,無大旱澇;二是下雪可凍死害蟲;三是積雪有保暖作用,利于增強(qiáng)土壤肥力。
“荷盡已無擎雨蓋,菊殘猶有傲霜枝”,此時(shí)氣候已呈初冬景象。古人在小雪前后便開始準(zhǔn)備用于御寒的衣物、手爐、湯婆等,同時(shí)房內(nèi)掛棉簾防寒。
南方有農(nóng)歷十月(小雪前后)吃糍粑的習(xí)俗。古時(shí),糍粑是南方地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日祭品,最早是農(nóng)民用來祭牛神的供品。俗語“十月朝,糍粑祿祿燒”指的就是祭祀事件。
多處民間有“冬臘風(fēng)腌,蓄以御冬”的習(xí)俗。小雪后氣溫急劇下降,天氣變得干燥,是加工臘肉的好時(shí)候。小雪節(jié)氣后,一些農(nóng)家開始動(dòng)手做香腸、臘肉,等到春節(jié)時(shí)正好享受美食。
吃刨湯是小雪節(jié)氣習(xí)俗之一。農(nóng)歷小雪之際,湘西土家族苗族自治州龍山縣石牌鎮(zhèn)的土家族農(nóng)民,用剛剛殺年豬的新鮮豬肉,在家中烹飪土家族傳統(tǒng)美食“刨湯”,準(zhǔn)備用來款待親朋好友。
小雪時(shí)節(jié),臺(tái)灣中南部海邊的漁民們會(huì)開始曬魚干、儲(chǔ)存干糧。烏魚群會(huì)在小雪前后來到臺(tái)灣海峽,另外還有旗魚、沙魚等。
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Minor snow, the 20th solar term of the year, signals the arrival of snow but only in small quantities. Minor snow begins on Nov 22 this year.
A folk saying goes: "Snow on minor snow brings about a prosperous harvest next year." Snowfall during minor snow can protect wheat from pests and act as insulation to keep the fields warm.
People in ancient China started preparing warmer clothing for the winter during minor snow, as well as handy items such as hand warmers. Cotton curtains were also hung to combat the cold weather.
People in South China often eat glutinous rice cake in the 10th lunar month, around the time minor snow arrives. Glutinous rice cakes were festive offerings in ancient China.
After minor snow, temperature declines sharply and the air becomes dry. It is the best time to start making preserved pork, which will be ready to eat right before the Chinese New Year.
Drinking soup is one folk tradition during minor snow. The Tujia ethnic group of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture would slaughter a pig to make "pao soup" on minor snow to entertain their family and friends.
Fishermen in southern part of Taiwan start making dried fish upon arrival of minor snow. Schools of mullets arrive at the coast of Taiwan this time of the year, as well as swordfish.
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