French President Emmanuel Macron said he will appoint a new prime minister in the coming days following the ouster of prime minister Michel Barnier, but Macron rejected mounting calls for his resignation.

Macron told the nation in a televised address on Thursday evening that he was democratically elected for a five-year mandate and intends to serve the full term that lasts until 2027.

"My responsibility is to make sure our institutions work … and to protect everyone. I have been by your side since the beginning, through social upheaval, the COVID pandemic and the return of war (to Europe)," he said.

Macron's speech came a day after the National Assembly, the lower house of the French parliament, voted to topple Barnier in a no-confidence vote over opposition to his 2025 budget plan, which aims to cut the budget deficit by raising taxes and cutting spending.

France's budget deficit is expected to hit 6.1 percent of its GDP this year, way above the 3 percent ceiling under the European Union treaty.

Barnier submitted his resignation to Macron on Thursday morning, making him the shortest-lived prime minister in modern French history. The Elysee Palace said in a statement that Barnier and his ministers would remain in charge of daily business until the appointment of a new government.

Macron said on Thursday that he will appoint a new prime minister in the coming days who would "form a government in the general interest". He added that the new government will push forward special legislation to avoid a US-type government shutdown by mid-December and submit a new 2025 budget in January.

Election defeat

Barnier was appointed by Macron on Sept 5, two months after snap elections he called following the June defeat of his party in the European elections. But the snap elections resulted in a hung parliament in which no party has a majority.

Macron's centrists Ensemble coalition controls 168 seats in the National Assembly while the left coalition New Popular Front boasts 182 seats, and the far-right National Rally has 143 seats, making new appointments and legislation a tough task.

Macron also lashed out at the left and right oppositions in his 10-minute address to the nation.

"They did this not to achieve something but to unravel and to sow disorder," he said.

"They are not thinking about you, your difficulties, and your lives."

Shortly after Macron's speech, Jean-Luc Melenchon, a former presidential candidate, said the French president's days were numbered and that Macron was the cause of the problem.

"Events will force him out," said Melenchon, who led the France Unbowed, the largest party in the left coalition NFP.

Marine Le Pen, the de facto leader of the National Rally and a strong contender against Macron in the last two presidential elections has not publicly called for Macron's resignation but she warned that "the pressure on the President of the Republic will get stronger and stronger".

According to the survey by Odoxa-Backbone Consulting for Le Figaro, 59 percent of French voters want Macron to resign, while a similar survey by Harris for RTL put the number at 64 percent.