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彈性工作制讓員工更健康?
Do Flexible Work Conditions Make Healthier Employees?

[ 2010-05-17 09:19]     字號(hào) [] [] []  
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你會(huì)因?yàn)槊刻靽?yán)格的上下班時(shí)間而頭痛不已嗎?你會(huì)因?yàn)闊o(wú)法抽空去接孩子放學(xué)而心懷愧疚嗎?你有沒(méi)有想過(guò),也許這種嚴(yán)格的工作制度正在慢慢侵蝕你的健康?目前的研究表明,彈性的工作制度才是一種更有利于身心健康的工作方式。歐美國(guó)家也都紛紛推廣這種制度,旨在提高公民的生活質(zhì)量。不知道彈性工作制何時(shí)才能在我們身邊普及呢?

樂(lè)楓選 陳琛譯

彈性工作制讓員工更健康?

Much time and effort has been dedicated to researching the mental health benefits of flexible work environments, but can the ability to leave work early to watch your son’s soccer game, or arrive at the office a bit later in the morning in order to see to some personal errands, have broader physical health benefits beyond making you feel a bit less frazzled?

According to new research, it seems so. In a review of 10 previous studies examining the health implications of flexible work conditions for more than 16,000 people, researchers found that flexible work schedules—when employees can shift their starting times, for example—were associated with improvements in blood pressure, sleep and overall mental health. Specifically, the review showed that more flexibility in work schedules was associated with improvements in alertness, sleep quality, tiredness, heart rate and other primary health outcomes, as well as benefits to secondary health outcomes, such as perceived social support in the workplace and sense of community. And, perhaps unsurprisingly, in all of the studies included in the review, researchers found no evidence for negative effects of more flexible work schedules.

This preliminary analysis was intended to shed light on the potential health benefits of flexible work options, which are increasingly popular throughout Scandinavia, and have recently gained some ground in the U.K. In the U.S., the phenomenon is a bit slower to catch on—fewer than a third of U.S. employees have flexible work options, according to 2009 estimates from the AARP. Yet, the economic atrophy of recent years may have contributed to growth in workplace flexibility—as companies unable to reward employees with bonuses or raises may turn to other forms of compensation.

Previous research too, of course, has indicated the benefits of flexible work environments toward positive mental health outcomes. And while these latest findings are promising, the researchers stress that more study is vital to understanding the more nuanced dynamics of the relationship between flexible work and improved health outcomes. For example, employees who are most frequently granted workplace leeway are generally higher-ranking, and as such are likely of higher socioeconomic status, which could impact their overall health apart from work scheduling. To truly grasp the benefits of flexible working conditions, the researchers say, additional study analyzing health outcomes among a wider range of workers—from high-ranking executives to hourly employees—is critical to gaining a deeper understanding of the issue, and helping to shape future workplace policy.

人們花了很多時(shí)間和精力來(lái)研究彈性工作制會(huì)給員工的心理健康帶來(lái)什么好處。但是,如果下午能早點(diǎn)兒下班去看兒子的足球比賽,或者早上為了辦點(diǎn)兒私事而晚點(diǎn)兒去上班,這些便利只是讓你感到?jīng)]那么疲憊之嗎?除此之外,還能給你的身體健康帶來(lái)什么好處呢?

一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示,彈性工作制的確對(duì)身體健康有好處。在綜述了早前10個(gè)關(guān)于彈性工作制對(duì)一萬(wàn)六千多人的健康有何影響的研究結(jié)果后,研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)彈性的工作時(shí)間——例如,員工可以調(diào)整開(kāi)始上班的時(shí)間——與改善血壓、睡眠和整體心理健康有很大聯(lián)系。具體來(lái)說(shuō),對(duì)研究結(jié)果的復(fù)查還表明,靈活的工作時(shí)間不僅與主要健康結(jié)果息息相關(guān),比如機(jī)敏性、睡眠質(zhì)量、疲勞度、心率等等,還與一些次要健康結(jié)果相關(guān),如工作場(chǎng)所領(lǐng)悟到的社會(huì)支持以及集體感。有一點(diǎn)也許是在意料之中,那就是,在對(duì)所有研究結(jié)果的復(fù)查中,研究者沒(méi)發(fā)現(xiàn)彈性工作時(shí)間有任何的負(fù)面影響。

這個(gè)初步的分析結(jié)果旨在證明彈性工作制可能會(huì)給健康帶來(lái)的好處,而這種彈性工作制在斯堪的納維亞地區(qū)越來(lái)越盛行,近來(lái)在英國(guó)也開(kāi)始普及起來(lái)。在美國(guó),這一制度的發(fā)展較為緩慢——美國(guó)退休人員協(xié)會(huì)2009年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示,美國(guó)只有不到三分之一的員工在享受彈性工作時(shí)間。然而,近年來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退也許促進(jìn)了彈性工作制的盛行,因?yàn)闆](méi)有能力向員工提供分紅或者加薪獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的公司會(huì)采取其他形式進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償。

當(dāng)然,早先的研究也指出了靈活的工作環(huán)境會(huì)對(duì)心理健康有積極影響。雖然這些最新的研究結(jié)果讓人看好,但是研究者強(qiáng)調(diào),要是想了解彈性工作制和良好的健康結(jié)果之間更加細(xì)微的動(dòng)態(tài)關(guān)系,則有必要進(jìn)行更多的研究。例如,享受更靈活的工作時(shí)間的員工一般都身居高位,更有可能享有較高的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位,這些因素都會(huì)影響他們的整體健康情況,所以影響他們健康的因素不僅僅是工作時(shí)間安排研究者表明,為了真正了解彈性工作制的好處,對(duì)更廣泛人群的健康結(jié)果進(jìn)行研究分析至關(guān)重要——既包括高級(jí)管理人員,也包括小時(shí)工——這樣才能對(duì)彈性工作制與健康的關(guān)系有更深刻的了解,從而有助于制定未來(lái)的工作制度。

(來(lái)源:英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)雜志)

Vocabulary:

frazzled: 疲憊的

implication: 密切關(guān)系,涉及

perceived social support: 領(lǐng)悟社會(huì)支持。心理學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ),是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體主觀理解和感受的社會(huì)支持,包括個(gè)體知覺(jué)到的來(lái)自家庭內(nèi)部和外部的各種社會(huì)支持源及支持程度。

preliminary: 初步的,開(kāi)始的

Scandinavia: 斯堪的納維亞,北歐一地區(qū),包括挪威、瑞典和丹麥,有時(shí)還包括冰島、法羅群島和芬蘭

gain ground: 發(fā)展,普及

AARP: 即American Association of Retired People的縮寫(xiě),美國(guó)退休人員協(xié)會(huì)

atrophy: 萎縮,減縮

nuanced: 微妙的,有細(xì)微差別的

leeway: (時(shí)間等的)余裕

 
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