10月29日閉幕的中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第十八屆中央委員會(huì)第五次全體會(huì)議提出，全面實(shí)施一對(duì)夫婦可生育兩個(gè)孩子政策。這是實(shí)施了30多年的計(jì)劃生育政策的重大調(diào)整，預(yù)示著計(jì)劃生育政策改革的大幕正式拉開(kāi)。

Li Shuchun, 4, and his 7-month-old brother Li Shuhan, live in Beijing with their parents who are among the 1.07 million out of 11 million eligible couples applied to have a second child by the end of last year. [Photo by Wang Nina/Provided to chinadaily.com.cn]

請(qǐng)看《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》的報(bào)道：

China further relaxed its more than three-decade-old family planning policy, according to a statement issued on Thursday by the Communist Party of China Central Committee. The statement said the country's aging trend would be actively addressed by the universal two-child policy.
29日，中共中央委員會(huì)發(fā)布公報(bào)稱(chēng)，中國(guó)將進(jìn)一步放開(kāi)實(shí)施了30多年的計(jì)劃生育政策。公報(bào)指出，“全面二孩政策”將有效應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化趨勢(shì)。

“全面二孩政策”（the universal two-child policy）即允許全面實(shí)施一對(duì)夫婦可生育兩個(gè)孩子政策。這是繼2013年，十八屆三中全會(huì)決定啟動(dòng)實(shí)施“單獨(dú)二孩”政策（two-child fertility policy for couples where either the husband or the wife is from a single-child family）之后的又一次人口政策調(diào)整。

20世紀(jì)70年代末，中國(guó)為減緩人口過(guò)快增長(zhǎng)（slow the population growth rate）推出了計(jì)劃生育政策（family planning policy）。30多年后，我國(guó)人口發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)出重大轉(zhuǎn)折性變化。人口總量增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭明顯減弱，老齡化程度不斷加深，人口紅利（demographic dividend）逐漸消失。十八屆五中全會(huì)決定全面實(shí)施一對(duì)夫婦可生育兩個(gè)孩子政策，積極開(kāi)展應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化（aging of population）行動(dòng)，促進(jìn)人口均衡發(fā)展（improve the balanced development of population）。

有一個(gè)概念需要注意：“二孩”不等于“二胎”!

如果你第一胎生的是——

雙胞胎 twins

三胞胎 triplets

四胞胎 quadruplets

五胞胎 quintuplets

龍鳳胎 pigeon pair

那么你就不符合這個(gè)二孩政策了。

為什么全面放開(kāi)二孩？

單獨(dú)二孩政策實(shí)施后，效果并不盡如人意。截至2014年12月，全國(guó)僅有不足100萬(wàn)對(duì)單獨(dú)夫婦提出再生育申請(qǐng)，而此前的官方預(yù)計(jì)是每年增加200萬(wàn)人左右。

而隨著人口總量增長(zhǎng)勢(shì)頭明顯減弱，我國(guó)老齡化程度不斷加深，人口紅利（demographic dividend）逐漸消失。

所以，全面實(shí)施二孩政策，是國(guó)家積極開(kāi)展應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化（aging of population）行動(dòng)，促進(jìn)人口均衡發(fā)展（improve the balanced development of population）的一項(xiàng)舉措。

放開(kāi)二孩有哪些好處？

?優(yōu)化人口結(jié)構(gòu)；
Optimize the demographic structure;

?增加勞動(dòng)力供給，
increase labor supply;

?減緩人口老齡化壓力；
ease pressure from the ageing population;

?有利于促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。
help improve the health of the economy.

十八屆五中全會(huì)公報(bào)要點(diǎn)：

全面二孩政策
the universal two-child policy

保持經(jīng)濟(jì)中高速增長(zhǎng)
medium to high economic growth

到2020年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值和城鄉(xiāng)居民人均收入比2010年翻一番
double its 2010 GDP and per capita income of urban and rural residents by 2020

創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開(kāi)放、共享的發(fā)展理念
innovative, coordinated, green, open, and shared by all

到2020年，解決區(qū)域性整體貧困，全面建成小康社會(huì)
by 2020 the country will complete tackling regional poverty to build China into a moderately prosperous society in all aspects

構(gòu)建科學(xué)合理的城市化格局、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展格局，開(kāi)發(fā)清潔安全能源
rationalize urban layout and agricultural development, and explore clean, safe energy

堅(jiān)持開(kāi)放發(fā)展
open development

奉行互利共贏的開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略
pursue a mutually beneficial, win-win opening-up strategy

構(gòu)建廣泛的利益共同體
build a "broad community of shared interests"

（中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 劉秀紅）