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英國(guó)王殘骸現(xiàn)身車庫 殘忍暴君或得洗冤
King Richard III's skeleton found under English carpark

[ 2013-02-06 15:46] 來源:中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)     字號(hào) [] [] []  
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英國(guó)王殘骸現(xiàn)身車庫 殘忍暴君或得洗冤

A painting of England's King Richard III by an unknown artist is displayed in the National Portrait Gallery in central London on January 25, 2013.

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Scientists confirmed Monday that a skeleton found under a carpark in the English city of Leicester was that of King Richard III, in a bizarre end to a 500-year-old historical mystery.

DNA from the bones matched that of descendants of the king's sister, while the skeleton had the twisted spine and battle injuries consistent with contemporary accounts, said researchers from the University of Leicester.

The remains of the monarch -- depicted by William Shakespeare as a monstrous hunchback and often viewed as one of English history's greatest villains -- will now be solemnly reburied in the local cathedral.

The discovery has caused huge excitement among historians, as it provides firm evidence about a monarch whose life has been shrouded in controversy since his death at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.

According to historical accounts, Richard's body was transported naked and bloody on the back of a pack horse to Leicester before being buried in an unmarked grave at Greyfriars, a Franciscan friary in the central English city.

The crown passed from the Plantagenet dynasty to the Tudor monarchs who painted Richard as a deformed villain who stopped at nothing in his quest for power, even murdering his two young nephews -- the so-called Princes in the Tower -- to secure the throne.

The hunt for his body began in earnest in 2012 when archaeologists working on historical accounts and geographical clues started to dig beneath the municipal carpark on the spot where Greyfriars was, and found the skeleton.

On Monday the research team said the skeleton confirmed that the monarch had severe scoliosis, or twisting of the spine. It may have been painful and caused his right shoulder to appear higher than his left, but there was no evidence of the withered arm depicted in Shakespeare's "Richard III".

Historians now hope to dispel some of the myths about Richard, publicising evidence to refute claims that he killed the two young princes and focusing on what he achieved in his brief two-year reign, including the establishment of a system of bail and legal aid.

Philippa Langley, a member of the Richard III Society who coordinated and helped fund the search, said she hoped a new image would emerge of the king and "the two-dimensional character devised by the Tudors will be no more".

"We have searched for Richard and we have found him. Now it's time to honour him," she said.

(Read by Brian Salter. Brian Salter is a journalist at the China Daily Website.)

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(Yahoo News)

英國(guó)科學(xué)家本周一證實(shí),萊斯特市的一個(gè)停車場(chǎng)地下挖出的遺骸為15世紀(jì)英格蘭國(guó)王理查三世,這也解開了長(zhǎng)達(dá)五百年的謎團(tuán)。

萊斯特大學(xué)研究人員表示,這副骸骨的DNA同理查三世一名姐妹的后代吻合,而且骸骨的脊柱彎曲,有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)留下的創(chuàng)傷,這都與歷史記載吻合。

理查三世的遺骨將在當(dāng)?shù)亟烫帽徽街匦侣裨帷K恢北灰暈橛?guó)歷史上最殘酷的暴君之一,威廉-莎士比亞將其刻畫為“駝背的暴君”。

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)引起了歷史學(xué)家的極大關(guān)注,因?yàn)檫@為了解理查三世提供了更加確鑿的證據(jù)。理查三世于1485年死于博斯沃思戰(zhàn)役,之后有關(guān)他的一生一直充滿爭(zhēng)議。

根據(jù)歷史記載,理查三世戰(zhàn)敗后,其裸露的尸體曾被放在一匹馱馬上運(yùn)往萊斯特,后埋在萊斯特一家方濟(jì)會(huì)修道院的墓地,但沒有任何標(biāo)記。萊斯特位于英國(guó)中部。

理查三世是金雀花王朝的最后一位國(guó)君,都鐸王朝的繼任者將其塑造成了不惜一切代價(jià)追求權(quán)力的無惡不作的暴君,還稱他謀殺了他的兩個(gè)侄子-也就是“塔中王子”-來保住王位。

2012年,科學(xué)家開始認(rèn)真尋找他的遺體。考古學(xué)家根據(jù)史書記載和地理線索,在一個(gè)市政停車場(chǎng)開始挖掘,并最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了遺骨。這里就是史書記載中埋葬查理三世的教堂的地點(diǎn)。

本周一,研究小組表示,根據(jù)遺骨可以看出,理查三世患有嚴(yán)重的脊柱側(cè)彎,或者說脊柱彎曲。這會(huì)讓他十分痛苦,還會(huì)導(dǎo)致右肩比左肩高,但莎士比亞的《理查三世》中描述的枯萎的手臂卻無從證實(shí)。

歷史學(xué)家希望解開有關(guān)理查三世的謎團(tuán),公開證據(jù)以反駁他殺害了兩個(gè)年輕侄子的說法,重點(diǎn)關(guān)注他在位兩年期間的成就,包括建立了保釋制度和法律援助制度。

“理查三世研究小組”的成員菲利帕?朗麗說,她希望能重塑理查三世的形象,都鐸王朝的繼任者塑造出來的片面形象將不復(fù)存在。她負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)研究工作以及籌款。

她說:“我們一直在尋找他的遺骨,終于找到了。現(xiàn)在是為他恢復(fù)名譽(yù)的時(shí)候了。”

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Vocabulary:

hunchback: 駝背

Franciscan: 方濟(jì)會(huì)的

stop at nothing: 不惜一切代價(jià),毫無顧忌

scoliosis: 脊柱側(cè)彎

 
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