中國(guó)網(wǎng)站品牌欄目（頻道）
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| 張明權(quán) |
參考譯文：
Hsu Chi-mo’s Obsession with Cambridge
In Smoking and Culture Xu Zimo recounted with deep affection his life in Cambridge. He said, “The days I spent in Cambridge were most blissful of all. I am afraid I would never have an opportunity to relive those sweet days for the rest of my life. I dare not say how knowledgeable I have become through my education in Cambridge, I dare not say one can be regenerated and deified through the baptism of Cambridge. What I dare say is that it was Cambridge that opened my eyes, it was Cambridge that aroused my curiosity in knowledge, it was Cambridge that generated the awareness of “I” in me.” Students entered into Cambridge immediately breathe the humanist air tinged with poetic flavor; they are intoxicated by the atmosphere of varied literary schools that edify their souls. Among these students is Xu Zimo, who was well read in those masterpieces by Thomas Hardy, Charles Dickens, P. B. Shelley, Lord Byron, and so on that later had great impact on his own poetical works.
翻譯需要講求對(duì)等，但有時(shí)候這種對(duì)等不能太過(guò)機(jī)械。從實(shí)際操作層面來(lái)看，大多數(shù)翻譯對(duì)等都是在句子層面展開(kāi)的，不過(guò)偶然也需要進(jìn)行跨越句子的調(diào)整，這樣的對(duì)等可以說(shuō)是段落或篇章的對(duì)等。實(shí)際上，英漢語(yǔ)言在篇章上的差異也是翻譯必須考慮的一個(gè)因素，比如英語(yǔ)段落往往有一個(gè)主題句，而漢語(yǔ)的段落在主題句上則表現(xiàn)得不是那么明顯，因此在漢譯英時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)靥砑又黝}句也是可取的。我在翻譯譯題一時(shí)，就考慮到了這個(gè)因素，所以第一句添加了部分信息，以使其能夠概述這一段落的內(nèi)容?！癐n Smoking and Culture Xu Zimo recounted with deep affection his life in Cambridge.”這句話回譯成漢語(yǔ)就是：在《吸煙與文化》一書(shū)中，徐志摩深情地講述了他在劍橋（康橋）的生活。這樣處理使得段落的主題突出，比較符合英語(yǔ)的行文習(xí)慣。信息補(bǔ)充并非空虛來(lái)風(fēng)，或者源于讀者與譯者共享的信息、史實(shí)或百科知識(shí)、或者源于上下文所提供的信息。
由于譯題一對(duì)徐志摩作品的引用很多地方涉及隱喻，所以翻譯起來(lái)很不容易。網(wǎng)友tu220tu的譯文相當(dāng)不錯(cuò)，不過(guò)在翻譯“變氣息，脫凡胎”、“給我胚胎”等比喻時(shí)，主要采取的是意譯的方法，譯文分別是became elegant and refined和bred my self-awareness，“胚胎”的隱喻本體喪失了。其他網(wǎng)友的翻譯中，JoanBaez使用了incubate來(lái)對(duì)譯后一處比喻。實(shí)際上，隱喻的處理一直是一個(gè)難題，過(guò)直則侵害譯入語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，意譯則丟失原文的比喻色彩。比如網(wǎng)友zhugefuqin翻譯的這句話： that it is Cambridge that broadened my horizons, it is Cambridge that activate my desire for learning ,and it is Cambridge that cultivated my self-consciousness（拼寫錯(cuò)誤已訂正），就是很好的意譯，但對(duì)于徐志摩刻意采用的隱喻則有所忽略，這可能就是翻譯的兩難境地。
參考譯文：
Happy Son-in-law’s Day!
In a TV serial called The New Times of Son-in-law, the protagonist starring Lin Yongjian went so far as to propose that February 22 should be observed as Son-in-law’s Day each year. The very concept of this celebration and the three “2s” (February is obviously the 2nd month of a year) there in the day combine to make people simmer with laughter. In making the proposal, the said son-in-law spoke plausibly, “February 22 shall be Son-in-law’s day each year from now on.” Why choose February 22? The secret lies in the digit “2” that connotes the status quo of a son-in-law in a Chinese family. He is no more than a “secondary citizen”, who has always been the second choice, in big events as well as trivial matters. In addition, some behaviors of son-in-laws have been labeled as “er”, which carries the sense of an idiot now in Chinese.
對(duì)于譯題二的翻譯而言，“二”是最大的難題。近年來(lái)，“二”從北京方言一躍成為社會(huì)流行語(yǔ)，其隱含的意義十分豐富，在英語(yǔ)中暫時(shí)還沒(méi)有一個(gè)能與之對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯。網(wǎng)友在翻譯處理上，也多采用了意譯的方法，個(gè)別網(wǎng)友的直譯違背了英語(yǔ)詞匯構(gòu)成的原則，是不可取的，比如jessicadanbi 使用的secondlized一詞和hairong2011使用的 twolized一詞，在英語(yǔ)中是根本不存在的，雖然中國(guó)人已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造出了ungelivable這樣的英語(yǔ)單詞，但這樣的造詞一般是很難被譯入語(yǔ)所接受的。在翻譯學(xué)上，對(duì)于確實(shí)沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)詞，又需要向目的語(yǔ)介紹的詞語(yǔ)，一般可采用音譯與解釋相結(jié)合的方法，比如像我在譯文中那樣處理：labeled as “er”, which carries the sense of an idiot now in Chinese。這種方法也是我們以前討論過(guò)的解釋性翻譯法，具體來(lái)說(shuō)是添加必要的解釋性信息。像網(wǎng)友IAN CHANG的翻譯“and the some acts of son-in-law have a stereotyped image of clumsiness in our society, and so on”，意思上是正確的，但由于意譯處理了原文的“二”字的意思，沒(méi)有附加解釋，使上下文脫節(jié)，給人感覺(jué)有些突兀。
我在處理這段文字時(shí)，也進(jìn)行了跨句的處理，比如把“電視劇的男主角林永健”這一信息移到了第一句中，這樣可以表面漢語(yǔ)句子“一部名為《新女婿時(shí)代》的電視劇，竟然倡議將每年2月22日定為女婿節(jié)”翻譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)找不到適當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)的尷尬。網(wǎng)友squirrel2011的翻譯：“A TV drama, new era of son-in-law, proposes so far as to designate the date of Feb 22 as the "son-in-law Day".”就不得不用a TV drama作主語(yǔ)，看起來(lái)總有些尷尬。
參考譯文：
“Taobao Shopkeeper Syndrome” Concerns White Collars
Netizens could not help bemoaning over the karoshi of a 25-year-old female crown shopkeeper when they read the recent post about her on the internet. It is said that the Taobao shop run by the deceased 25-year-od young woman had been credited with the crown title within 2 years. Though she was among the best of Taobao shopkeepers, she had overworked herself to a tragic death. Many Taobao shopkeepers sighed over her story and began to pay attention to their own “online life” of long hours each day that had been the invisible killer of their health. In reality, in a modern society, white collars lead a similar life as Taobao shopkeepers: they switch on their computers as long as they start a day’s work, stare at the screen all day long, refresh microblogs once in a while on their mobile phones, and even stay up late into night to “devour” one online novel after another…
第三段文字不算很難，但開(kāi)頭要開(kāi)好，由于帖子的名稱太長(zhǎng)，我在翻譯時(shí)進(jìn)行了變通處理。網(wǎng)友大部分使用了直譯的方法，比如kimlily的翻譯“Recently, a post titled “25-year-old online crown female shopkeeper died from overwork, who paid for her youth?” made people sigh a lot. ”的句式可以稍作調(diào)整，改成：Recently, a post made people sigh a lot titled…，另一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是這里的“人們”一詞太泛，可以改為netizens，這樣能準(zhǔn)確地揭示讀到貼子的人們的身份，從翻譯對(duì)詞語(yǔ)的選擇來(lái)講，詞匯要具體準(zhǔn)確才好。
這段文字在中間銜接部分也需給與特別關(guān)注，“其實(shí)，何止是淘寶掌柜們”這里是銜接上下文的句子，意思是“白領(lǐng)和淘寶掌柜們”在生活方式上有很多相似的地方，因此可以翻譯成：white collars lead a similar life as Taobao shopkeepers，這樣比較符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣?！跋麥纭边@個(gè)詞不容易翻譯，從系統(tǒng)隱喻的角度來(lái)看，以戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的詞匯比喻日常生活行為是很常見(jiàn)的，比如kill the time，但英語(yǔ)中并無(wú)等同于漢語(yǔ)“消滅小說(shuō)”這樣的說(shuō)法，筆者開(kāi)始用了“annihilate”一詞來(lái)翻譯，后來(lái)感覺(jué)不妥，就換成了devour一詞，因?yàn)樵谟⒄Z(yǔ)中已經(jīng)有了先例，可以說(shuō)devour a novel（貪婪地閱讀小說(shuō)）。
本文僅代表作者本人觀點(diǎn)，與本網(wǎng)立場(chǎng)無(wú)關(guān)。歡迎大家討論學(xué)術(shù)問(wèn)題，尊重他人，禁止人身攻擊和發(fā)布一切違反國(guó)家現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)的內(nèi)容。
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專家簡(jiǎn)介：
張明權(quán)，安徽省固鎮(zhèn)縣人，江蘇大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院副教授，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)碩士，上外博士課程班進(jìn)修。主要從事英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)和翻譯學(xué)研究，在國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)期刊發(fā)表論文10余篇，出版譯著兩部，發(fā)表其他文章20余篇，有大量翻譯實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，翻譯總字?jǐn)?shù)接近200萬(wàn)。Email: [email protected]。
（作者：張明權(quán) 中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津 編輯：Julie）
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